E aʻo e pili ana i nā mea kila: ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka noiʻi noiʻi

Hoʻohui ʻia nā hale kila mai nā ʻāpana kila, kahi e lilo ai ke kumu kumu o nā hale kila. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana kila e ke ʻano kumu kumu, ke ʻano hana a me ke ʻano noiʻi ʻenekinia. Hoʻopili nā ʻano hana kila like ʻole i ke koho ʻana i nā mea, ka hana ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pāhana.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻāpana kumu, ʻo nā lālā kila ka nui o nā kaola, nā kolamu, nā ʻāpana pā a me nā mea hoʻohui.

ʻO ke kuʻi kila he ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hale kila, i hana ʻia mai ka ʻāpana kila a i ʻole nā ​​papa kila, me ka H-beam, I-beam a me ka pahu pahu.

ʻO nā kolamu kila he mau lālā lawe haʻahaʻa kūpaʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i loko o nā kolamu pūnaewele paʻa a me nā kolamu lattice.

ʻO nā ʻāpana papa e pili ana i nā panela kila no ka papahele, ka hale a me ka pā, e hana ana i ka ʻōnaehana envelop hale. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻāpana kila i uhi ʻia i ka kala a me nā ʻāpana kila profiled no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka wai wai a me ka halihali ʻana.

Hoʻopili nā mea hoʻohui i nā kaola kila, nā kolamu a me nā papa ma o nā bolts, welds a rivets e hoʻopaʻa i ka paʻa a me ka palekana o ka hale holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻolālā, ʻo nā hale kila ka nui o ka pahu puka, ke kila kila, ka pahu kila, ke kaula-membrane a me nā hale kila.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka puka puka: i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā kolamu a me nā kaola, kūpono i nā hale hale hana a me nā kūkulu lōʻihi.

ʻO ke kiʻi kila: ʻo ia ka papa hana ʻole, ka pahu concentrically braced, eccentrically braced frame and framed tube (closely-spaced column frame), i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hale papa he nui, nā hale keʻena kiʻekiʻe, nā hale kalepa a me nā hale aupuni kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pahu kila: e komo pū ana me ka mānoanoa ākea a me ka pūpū latike, kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana hale lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā kelepona-membrane: me ka hoʻolālā hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā membrane (tensioned, framed, ea-supported), i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hale kahua pāʻani, nā sunshades landscape, nā hale hōʻikeʻike, nā canopies hale kūʻai a me nā hale leʻaleʻa waho.

ʻO ka ʻili kila: ʻo ka ʻōniʻoniʻo me ka paia ākea ākea, hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi nui, nā pahu pahu, nā domes hale kūʻai nui a me nā hale mokulele.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka noi ʻenekinia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hale kila i loko o ka hale kila hale ʻoihana, ka hale kila puka māmā, ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hale i hana mua ʻia, ka lōʻihi span spatial steel structure a me ke kila alahaka.

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana kila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻolālā a me ke kūkulu ʻana, a kōkua i ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūpono, nā kikoʻī a me nā ala pili e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā ʻano hale like ʻole a me nā ukana.